Comparison Characters In The Scarlet Letter Literature Essay

Comparison Characters In The Scarlet Letter Literature Essay The Scarlet Letter is a classic, American novel written by renowned author, Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter follows three characters, Hester Prynn, Reverend Dimmesdale, and Pearl. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the novel in 1850. The Scarlet Letter includes in his novel the infamous Christian view of sin and the knowledge that follows it. There are four dynamic characters that are featured in the The Scarlet Letter, Hester, her daughter, Pearl; her husband, Chillingworth; and the Reverend Dimmesdale. The Scarlet Letter is characteristic of the story of Adam and Eve because of the sin that was committed and desecrated the lives of those who were involved, as well as what would lead to the demise of their souls. The Scarlet Letter also has many of the symbolic details that are contained within the tale of Cain and Abel because of the sin that was committed, and how the A on the bosom of Hesters gown symbolized the mark of Cain. When we first meet Hester Prynn, she is a prisoner in a jail in the Boston, Massachusetts area during a time when puritans were the main population. The character of Hester is rather flat and non-dynamic. The reader is more aware of the sins that Hester committed, rather than who she is as one of the main characters in the book and what her place is. After her affair with the Reverend Dimmesdale, Hester is shamed by the community for her acts that are spread across the township. Hester is married to a man that she claims that she does not love, his name is Chillingworth. Hester is a very strong-willed woman and this is seen primarily through the first few chapters before she meets Chillingworth. After the alienation of Hester by society, Hester becomes more of an open-minded thinker. The happenings that happen to Prynn shape her into a more motherly figure for her daughter, Pearl, who is born after the tryst. Pearl is first introduced as the baby that is pressed against Hester when she emerges from the doorway. Pearl is an adolescent for most of the novel. The imperative fact about Pearl is her ability to instigate the mature figures of the story. She is able to capture the attention of her elders through means of bringing questions about, ones that are particularly direct and piercing. Pearl is always making the reader aware of the fact that her mother, Hester, has the letter that is embroidered on her gown and the fact that the people of the community and the market are emphasizing it. Ironically, in the latter part of the book, Pearl is the one that states the disappointment of Dimmesdale to admit his portion of the situation that caused the shame to be placed on Hester. Hawthornes characters names all have certain meaning to them. One of the best examples is that of Chillingworth, Roger Chillingworth. Roger is the husband of Hester, but as his name suggest, he is a very cold person that is void of warmth and comfort. For most of the time he is not affectionate towards his wife like a husband should be; although his wife was expected by him to be affectionate towards him. Chillingworth would be considered the antagonist of the novel. He is representative of forms of unacceptable knowledge. The last of the important characters is the Reverend Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale is the man that is involved in the tryst between him and Hester. The book states that the reverend was a very intelligent and educated man that had received his education from the prestigious Oxford University. After the affair that takes place, Hester takes all of the blame for the sin that they share. This is characteristic of the type of person that he his, and the highlight of his conscious of his soul. Being that the Reverend Dimmesdale is an important authority figure in the community, it isnt ever thought that someone in his position would commit such an act. In church, the crowds find his great speeches to be more of a metaphor or allegorical, rather than him expressing his discontent of the sin that he committed. The framework of his order inevitably hemmed him. As a man who had once sinned, but who kept his conscious all alive and painfully sensitive by the fretting, [.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] but this had been a sin of passion, not of principle, nor even purpose (Hawthorne 180). Dimmesdale death is taken into many different directions by the people of the town. His confession before his death is seen as a form of one last sermon, although some believe that the death was a type of divine intervention. When Hester emerged from the prison, she had a beautifully embroidered letter A on the breast of her gown. This letter was the talk of the town when Ester made her way to market. Many people in the village and at the market were at shock and awed by this display that was centered on the bosom of Hesters gown. One thing that was most unusual of what happened at the market was the fact that people were more distracted at the attention to detail of the embroidering in her gown of the particular letter that was being displayed. Adam and Eve are part of the first story in The Bible, Genesis. Adam is created by god to be cast upon the Earth. Once Adam is on Earth, he is placed into a very deep sleep where God takes one of Adams ribs and created a woman with that particular rib. The woman was created and named Eve. Adam and Eve are one; they are created from one another, are part of one another, and are one flesh. Adam and Eve live in the Garden of Eden, a paradise on Earth. God created this place for Adam and Eve and said that it is theirs. The only thing that they were not allowed was to eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. The one rule that Adam and Eve had promised God that they would obey was that one rule. It was the rule that would test their desires, and show their faith in God. God did, however, allow Satan to roam freely within this Garden of Eden. In the story of Adam and Eve, Satan takes the form of a snake and entices them to eat the fruit that has been forbidde n by God. Once they ate the fruit, the original sin had been committed. This is the part where they lose their innocence and obtain fig leaves to cover their genitals. This sin leads to the banishment of Adam and Eve, by God, from the Garden of Eden [1]. Hawthornes word choice that is used to symbolize the sin between Hester and Dimmesdale, also symbolizes the sin that took place between Adam and Eve. But there is a fatality, a feeling so irresistible and inevitable that it has the force of doom, which [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the spot where some great and marked event has given the color to their lifetime; and [ the darker the tinge that saddens it (Hawthorne 83). The fatality could be seen as Satan, who was in the form of a snake in The Garden of Eden, snakes are poisonous which is another word for fatal. It could also be seen as symbolizing one of the deadly sins, lust. He then continues on to state that sins that are committed are not without the conscious knowing. That even when a sin is committed, and the sinner is the only one that is aware, the conscious will still know what happened, and a feeling of guilt will ensue. Hawthorne makes reference of the fig leaves that are in the story of Adam and Eve by using a metaphor in the form of a glove. Satan dropped it there; I take it intending a scurrilous jest against your reference. But, indeed he was blind and foolish, as he ever and always is. A pure hand needs no glove to cover it (Hawthorne 143). As previously stated, after the sin of Adam and Eve was committed, their genitals were then covered by fig leaves to signify that their innocence had been lost. By stating that a pure hand doesnt need a glove is referencing the fact of the nature between Hester, Dimmesdale, Adam and Eve were very similar in nature. By stating that something was placed by Satan, he is making a reference to the Garden of Eden and the fruit, because of the fact that God allowed Satan to roam freely in and around the Garden of Eden to tempt the couple that was staying there at the time. Hawthorne was a man of god, not as a preacher or a reverend, but rather a follower of Jesus Christ. One of the most infamous stories in The Bible is the story of Cain and Abel. Cain and Abel were brothers and the offspring of Adam and Eve. Cain and Abel were the first two humans to be born via conception and delivery, rather than being created by God as their parents were. They were born after Adam and Eve were banished from the Garden of Eden. Cain was a gardener who worked the ground, and Abel was a shepherd. Later on, the time came for Cain and Able to present their offering to God. Both brothers brought their contribution to God. Abel, being a shepherd brought some of the finest creatures in his flock. Cain, on the other hand, brought something that was very average and barely satisfactory. Cain had every option to present something that was of much better quality than what he chose to do, but it is speculated that he assumed that God would not know the difference and be obliviou s to his offerings. However, God did notice the difference and accepted Abels offering and rejected Cains offering. As with any siblings that are not granted the same thing, jealousy developed. Cain let his rage become anger and let it grow out of control. This led Cain to eventually murder his brother Abel. God was furious with Cain for the deed in which he had done. God made Cain aware that for the death of his brother, he was going to bestow a mark on him that was going to make the people aware of the deed that he had done. This was forever known as the mark of Cain. It is unknown what the mark of Cain was, specifically, but it has been speculated that the mark was placed on Cains forehead [2]. Many of Hawthornes works have many meanings that can be debated to the point where there are many possibilities. It was explained that the embroidered A on Hesters bosom stood for adulterer, however there is more meaning behind it. Hester had had an affair with the reverend. The affair took place before Hester was married. Therefore, it by definition was not an act of adultery on her part, but it was however a sin. They would have not placed an A for adultery on a person who wasnt an adulterer, but rather as a form of symbolism. As mentioned above, the mark of Cain was a way to symbolize that a sin had been committed. Although the sins were not the same in severity, they were however sins. Ah, but let her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will be always in her heart [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.] What do we talk of marks and brands whether on the bodice of her gown, or the flesh of her forehead (Hawthorne 49). The A of Hesters gown was Hawthornes way of placing emphasis on the mark of Cain and that A rather than standing for Adultery, could have stood for something relevant to the mark, such as that of Abel. It has been speculated and debated by religious and Christian scholars that the mark, given to Cain by God, was located on Cains forehead. If you will note the reference above, there is a direct statement that mentions branding a persons forehead. Hawthornes literature collection can be taken many ways by many different people that read his stories. This particular book bares reference to the strict by laws that governed the puritanical society that controlled and undermined the citizens of a particular region within a young United States. With this book being based off of a puritanical platform of belief, there are going to be many references to The Bible, which is the greatest book that has ever been published. Puritans were extremely grounded on the foundations of that particular book. One of the most well known stories that come forth from The Bible is the story of Adam and Eve and the original sin that they committed. Also, you will find many references to the story of Cain and Abel, the sons of Adam and Eve, which are conflicted by jealousy, and Cain is given a mark by God for sinning on his brother. Hawthornes characters that are featured in this particular literary work mirror those infamous characters that are feature d in The Bible; characters that were well known in the community of that particular time and place in history. Work Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel.  The Scarlet Letter. New York, New York: Bantam Books, 2003. Print.

Hdfc Bank Essay

The first modern bank was founded in Italy in Genoa in 1406, its name was Banco di San Giorgio (Bank of St. George). Many other financial activities were added over time. For example banks are important players in financial markets and offer financial services such as investment funds. In some countries such as Germany, banks are the primary owners of industrial corporations while in other countries such as the United States banks are prohibited from owning non-financial companies. In Japan, banks are usually the nexus of cross share holding entity known as zaibatsu. In France â€Å"Bancassurance† is highly present, as most banks offer insurance services (and now real estate services) to their clients. 1.2 DEFINITION: The definition of a bank varies from country to country. Under English law, a bank is defined as a person who carries on the business of banking, which is specified as: †¢ Conducting current accounts for his customers †¢ Paying cheques drawn on him, and †¢ Collecting cheques for his customers. 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The Objective of this on the job training is to study the importance of the potential customers and their value to the bank and creating the awareness among them about the importance of current accounts and keep a good relationship with them for the bank’s benefit. 1.4 ORIGIN OF THE BANK: The name bank derives from the Italian word banco â€Å"desk/bench†, used during the Renaissance by Florentines bankers, who used to make their transactions above a desk covered by a green tablecloth. However, there are traces of banking activity even in ancient times. In fact, the word traces its origins back to the Ancient Roman Empire, where moneylenders would set up their stalls in the middle of enclosed courtyards called macella on a long bench called a bancu, from which the words banco and bank are derived. As a moneychanger, the merchant at the bancu did not so much invest money as merely convert the foreign currency into the only legal tender in Rome- that of the Imperial Mint. 1.5 PRESENT STATUS OF THE BANK: Worldwide assets of the largest 1,000 banks grew 15.5% in 2005 to reach a record $60.5 trillion. This follows a 19.3% increase in the previous year. EU banks held the largest share, 50% at the end of 2005, up from 38% a decade earlier. The growth in Europe’s share was mostly at the expense of Japanese banks whose share more than halved during this period from 33% to 13%. The share of US banks also rose, from 10% to 14%. Most of the remainder was from other Asian and European countries. . The US had by far the most banks (7,540 at end-2005) and branches (75,000) in the world. The large number of banks in the US is an indicator of its geography and regulatory structure, resulting in a large number of small to medium sized institutions in its banking system. Japan had 129 banks and 12,000 branches. In 2004, Germany, France, and Italy had more than 30,000 branches each—more than double the 15,000 branches in the UK. 1,6 FUTURE OF THE BANK : The future is integration as people will have less time for banking. People will want to process more transactions on the Internet. There will be more activity in terms of applications and services on the mobile. Geography will not be an inhibitor any more as everything is executable on the Net. â€Å"Integration is the next real big thing. As a customer you will want a one-stop shop that will take care of all your needs. For instance people will want to buy their mutual funds, redeem their mutual fund, buy insurance policies, renew policies, buy cinema tickets, railway tickets, and numerous similar transactions through the bank. The ATM will still serve as a cash dispensing medium, but the Internet and mobile will be very active†. [pic] 2.1 ORIGIN OF THE ORGANIZATION : H.D.F.C was set up on 17th October, 1977 by I.C.I.C.I. out of the consideration that a specialized institution was needed to channel household savings as well as funds from the capital market into the housing sector. H.D.F.C. has emerged as the largest mortgage finance institution in the country. The main objective of H.D.F.C. is to develop significant expertise in retail mortgage loans to different market segments and to have a large corporate client base for its housing related credit facilities. The main aim of H.D.F.C. is to support or aid in the promotion of home ownership. H.D.F.C. is India’s leading housing finance company and for all practical purposes is synonymous with the domestic housing finance industry. The primary objective of H.D.F.C is to enhance residential housing stock and promote home ownership. One of its major objectives is to increase flow of resources for housing through the integration of housing financial institutions with the domestic market. H.D.F.C. has developed a strong market reputation large shareholder base and unique consumer franchise. H.D.F.C. is India’s premier housing finance company in India as well as in international markets. It has maintained a consistent and healthy growth in its operations to remain the clear market leader in mortgages in India. The company has been constantly engaged into innovation and innovative practices since its birth. 2.2 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION: HDFC Bank reported a 43 percent growth in net profit at Rs.75.5 crore for the third quarter ended December 31, 2001, as against Rs 52.8 crore in the corresponding quarter previous fiscal. The jump in net profit was primarily due to other income which almost doubled to Rs 85.5 crore from Rs 47.5 crore. Speaking to analysts at a conference call today, January 15, 2002, Paresh Suthankar, head – credit risk and investments, reiterated the bank’s earlier guidance of a 25-30 per cent compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) in its top line for the next two to three years. The bank does not see any reason to revisit its guidance and stands by it. It expects the projections to hold true as long as the market environment is relatively stable and does not move to an extreme of either a boom or a total bottoming out. The bank is open to acquisitions as a vehicle of growth, but any growth via acquisitions would be over and above its projected growth rate of 25-30 per cent. At present, it is not working on any deal but there are acquisition prospects in the Indian scene, giving rise to opportunities for inorganic growth. The bank’s exposure to capital markets is around 6-7 per cent, against the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) norms of 5 per cent. The bank expects to bring it down to within the stipulated limit by the end of this fiscal. The bank has made a lot of headway in its retail thrust with retail accounts going up to 1.9 million from 1.4 million a year back. The branch network now stands at 147 outlets in 63 cities and the ATM network at 360 compared to 231 ATMs as on March 31, 2001. The debit card base is at six lakh. On the advances side, car loans have really picked up and now form almost 50 per cent of the total retail advances, with the remaining being accounted for by loan against securities and other loans. In fact in case of car loans, the bank now covers around 30 cities against just eight-nine a year back. 2.3 PRESENT STATUS OF THE ORGANIZATION: HDFC Bank Limited provides various financial products and services. It operates in three segments: Personal Banking, NRI Banking, and Wholesale Banking. The Personal Banking segment provides savings, and current and fixed deposit accounts. It also offers personal, home, two wheeler, new car, used car, gold, education, healthcare, commercial vehicle, working capital, construction equipment, and warehouse receipt loans. In addition, this segment provides safe deposit lockers; credit, debit, and prepaid cards; mutual funds, general and health insurance, bonds, and equities and derivatives products; and forex and payment services. The NRI Banking segment’s deposit products include rupee savings accounts, rupee current accounts, rupee fixed deposits, foreign currency deposits, and accounts for returning Indians. Its loan products comprise home loans, loans against securities, loans against deposits, and gold credit cards. The Wholesale Banking segment offers funded services, which consist of working capital finance, short term finance, bill discounting, and export credit; and non-funded services, such as letters of credit, bank guarantees, and collection of documents to corporations, and small and medium enterprises. It also various services to banks, financial institutions, mutual funds, stock brokers, insurance companies, commodity businesses, and trusts. As of March 31, 2008, it had a network of 761 branches and 1,977 automated teller machines in 327 cities in India. [pic] 2.4 FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION: HDFC Bank Limited is located in New Friends Colony, New Delhi. This organization Includes functional departments as follows: 1. Current Account Department 2. Saving Account Department 3. Trade Department 4. Salary Department 5. Cash Department 6. Demat Account Department 2.5 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND CHART: [pic] 2.6 PRODUCT AND SERVICE PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION: HDFC Bank mainly provides three kinds of banking services: †¢ Personal Banking †¢ NRI Banking †¢ Wholesale Banking The following are the products and services provided by the HDFC bank HDFC Bank provides loans like Personal Loans , Home Loans , Educational Loans , Two Wheeler Loans , New car Loans, Used Car Loans, Overdraft Against Car, Express Loans, etc. HDFC Bank provides Credit, Debit and Prepaid Cards to help you meet your financial objectives. HDFC Bank provides facilities like Mutual Funds, Insurance, General & Health Insurance, Bonds, Financial Planning, Knowledge Center, Equities & Derivatives, and Mudra Gold bar. If you need to deal in foreign currency and keep tabs on exchange rates every now and then, transfer funds to India, make payments etc., HDFC Bank has a range of products and services that you can choose from to transact smoothly, efficiently and in a timely manner. With HDFC Bank’s payment services, you can bid goodbye to queues and paper work. HDFC’s range of payment options make it easy to pay for a variety of utilities and services. HDFC Bank provides many typ es of accounts like: †¢ Saving Account †¢ Current Account †¢ Demat Account †¢ Salary Account HDFC Bank has designed two programs to make banking easier for the customers and they are †¢ HDFC Bank Preferred Programme †¢ HDFC Bank Classic Programme. HDFC Bank offers Private Banking services to high net worth individuals and institutions. HDFC Bank offers you quick, economical and convenient options to remit and transfer funds to India. Corporate Banking reflects HDFC Bank’s strengths in providing our corporate clients in India, a wide array of commercial, transactional and electronic banking products. HDFC Bank acts as an active medium between the government and the customers by means of various services. 2.7 CURRENT ACCOUNT IN DETAIL: Features & Benefits: [pic]Free Account to account funds transfer between HDFC Bank accounts Free payment and collection through RTGS. Free payment and collection using NEFT (through Net banking) Free up to 50 Demand Drafts per month and can be issued from any HDFC Bank Branch Free up to 50 Pay Orders (PO) per month and can be issued from any HDFC Bank Branch. Free anywhere collection & payment transactions (clearing) within HDFC Bank branch network (except Dahej), up to Rs.100 lacs per month. Convenience to withdraw & deposit cash at all our branches* Free 300 â€Å"At Par† cheques leaves per month. Register for InstaAlert service and receive updates on your account as and when the select transaction happens – all this without visiting the branch or ATM! HDFC Bank offers you Doorstep Banking*, a channel, which is convenient, secure and hassle-free. Now, you can enjoy the benefits of banking right at your doorstep. The Bank will arrange to render the services like Cash & Cheque Pickup and Cash Delivery, through a reputed agency. Enjoy facilities like 24-hour Phone Banking, Net Banking and Mobile Banking that helps you check your balance & transaction details, find out the status of your cheque or stop cheque payment. Fees & Charges for Plus Current Account: Minimum Balance (Average Quarterly Balance)—————-Rs. 100,000/- Non-Maintenance Charges per quarterCharge of Rs.6,000/- per quarter, if AQB is less than Rs.50,000/- Charge of Rs.1, 500/- per quarter, if AQB is less than Rs. 100,000/- but > = Rs. 50,000/- Cheque Book Charges (Issued by Bank)——-Payable-at-par Free 300 cheques leave per month. Charges Rs 2/- per leaf beyond 300 leaves Remittance facility through own Bank: Demand Drafts (DD) payable HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from any branch) / Duplicate DDFree up to 50 DDs per month. Above 50 transactions, charges @ Rs. 25/- per Demand draft Pay Orders (PO) – on HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from Any Branch) / Duplicate PO Free up to 50 POs per month. Above 50 transactions, charges @ Rs. 25/- per Pay-order Issuance of DD/ PO through Phone BankingAll standard charges for DD / PO are applicable as above. Only DD / PO amount up to Rs 500,000/- are accepted at Phone banking. DD/PO-Cancellation/RevalidationRs.50/- per instrument NEFT/EFT Transactions: Payments————-Free Collections————Free RTGS Transactions: Payments————-Free Collections————Free Local Transactions (At home branch location) : Local cheques collections & payments—————————————Free Account to Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank- —————–Free Anywhere Transactions (except Dahej) Account to Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank-Free Payments & Collections at HDFC Bank Locations-Free up to Rs.100 lacs per month, beyond which charges @ Rs. 0.50/1000, min Rs. 25 Bulk Transaction ChargesAll transactions are subject to a maximum of 250 transactions per month, beyond which charges @ Rs.5/- per transaction would be levied. Includes all Local / Anyhwere clearing and transfer transactions Remittance facility through other Bank: Issue of Demand Drafts (DD) / Duplicate DD (Correspondent tieup)Rs.2.00 per Rs.1000/- Minimum Rs.50/- DD-Cancellation / Revalidation—-Rs.50/- per instrument Cheque Collection: Outstation through own bank——Collection: Free, only courier charges of Rs 20 per instrument Outstation through another bank (Correspondent bank locations) : Rs.4/- per Rs.1,000/-, min Rs.50/-For Clean locations (non-correspondent bank locations) & Non-MICR Cheques: Rs.6.5/- per Rs.1,000/-, min Rs 50 (inclusive of courier charge of Rs 25) Cash Transactions : 1. Cash Deposit Cash Deposit-Home Branch Location—-Free up to Rs.10 lacs per month or 50 transactions which ever is lower, Deposit in excess of Rs.10 lacs or 50 transactions will be charged @ Rs.2/- per Rs.1,000/-, minimum Rs.50/-. (Cash deposit at non-home branches within home-branch city subject to limit of Rs.100, 000/- per account per day) Cash Deposit -Non Home location——–Maximum Rs.100, 000/- per day. Charges @ Rs. 3/1000, min Rs. 50 2. Cash Withdrawal Cash Withdrawal-Home Branch—Free at Home Branch Cash Withdrawal-Non Home Branch-Intercity & Intracity——Free up to Rs.50,000/- per day, beyond which charges @ Rs.2/1000, min Rs.50/- (Only for incremental amount), Third party cash withdrawal allowed only up to maximum Rs. 50,000/- per transaction. Features & Benefits [pic]Free Account to account funds transfer between HDFC Bank accounts. Free RTGS/NEFT Transactions. Free up to 30 Demand Drafts (DD) per month and can be issued from any HDFC Bank Branch. Free up to 30 Pay Orders (PO) per month and can be issued from any HDFC Bank Branch. Free anywhere collection & payment within HDFC Bank branch network (except Dahej), up to Rs.50 lacs per month. Convenience to withdraw & deposit cash at all our branches* Free 200 â€Å"At Par† cheque leaves per month. Register for InstaAlert service and receive updates on your account as and when the select transaction happens – all this without visiting the branch or ATM! Fees & Charges for Trade Current Account [pic]Description of Charges Minimum Balance (Average Quarterly Balance) ——-Rs. 40,000/- Non-Maintenance Charges per quarter———Charge of Rs.1,200/- per quarter, if AQB is less than Rs.40,000/- Cheque Book Charges (Issued by Bank) ———-Payable-at-par 200 cheques leave Free per month. Charges Rs 2/- per leaf beyond 200 leaves Remittance facility through own Bank Demand Drafts (DD) payable HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from any branch) / Duplicate DD Free up to 30 DDs per month. Above 30 transactions, charges @ Rs. 25/- per Demand draft Pay Orders (PO) – on HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from Any Branch) / Duplicate PO Free up to 30 POs per month. Above 30 transactions, charges @ Rs. 25/- per Pay-order Issuance of DD/ PO through Phone Banking All standard charges for DD / PO are applicable as above. Only DD / PO amount up to Rs. 500,000/- are accepted at Phone banking. DD/PO-Cancellation/Revalidation——————-Rs.50/- per instrument NEFT/EFT Transactions: Payments————————Free Collections———————–Free RTGS Transactions : Payments————————Free Collections———————–Free Local Transactions (At home branch location) Local cheques collections & payments————————————-Free Account to Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank —————-Free Anynhwere Transactions (except Dahej) Account to Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank——————Free Payments & Collections at HDFC Bank Locations———————Free up to Rs.50 lacs per month, beyond which charges @ Rs. 0.50/1000, min Rs. 25 Bulk Transaction Charges All transactions are subject to a maximum of 150 transactions per month, beyond which charges @ Rs.5/- per transaction would be levied. Includes all Local / Anywhere clearing and transfer transactions. Remittance facility through other Bank Issue of Demand Drafts (DD) / Duplicate DD (Correspondent tie up) —–Rs.2.00 per Rs.1000/- Minimum Rs.50/- DD-Cancellation / Revalidation————————————-Rs.50/- per instrument Cheque Collection Outstation through own bank————–Rs. 0.50/1000, min Rs. 25 per instrument Outstation through another bank———-Correspondent bank locations: Rs.4/- per Rs. 1, 000/-, min Rs.50/-For Clean locations (non-correspondent bank locations) & Non-MICR Cheques: Rs.6.5/- per Rs.1,000/-, min Rs 50 (inclusive of courier charge of Rs 25) Cash Transactions 1. Cash Deposit Cash Deposit-Home Branch Location Free up to Rs.5 lacs per month or 40 transactions which ever is lower, Deposit in excess of Rs.5 lacs or 40 transactions will be charged @ Rs.2/- per Rs.1,000/-, minimum Rs.50/-. (Cash deposit at non-home branches within home branch city subject to limit of Rs. 50,000/- per account per day) Cash Deposit -Non Home location Maximum Rs.50, 000/- per day. Charges @ Rs. 3/1000, min Rs. 50 2. Cash Withdrawal Cash Withdrawal-Home Branch Free at Home Branch Cash Withdrawal-Non Home Branch-Intercity & Intracity Free cash withdrawals up to Rs.50, 000/- per day, beyond which charges @ Rs.2/1000, min Rs.50/- (Only for incremental amount), Third party cash withdrawal allowed only up to maximum Rs. 50,000/- per transaction. HDFC Bank Trade offers you a host of features that sets it apart from regular Current Accounts that most banks offer. They are: Free inter-city clearing between HDFC Bank branch locations (except Dahej) up to Rs.50 lakhs per month. Free Accounts to account funds transfer between HDFC Bank accounts, inter-city. Free up to 30 Pay-orders per month. Free up to 30 demand-drafts per month. Free RTGS & NEFT Transactions. Features & Benefits Free anywhere collection & payment within HDFC Bank branch network (except Dahej), up to Rs.25 lacs per month, incremental amount to be charged @ Rs.1.50 per Rs.1,000/-, min Rs.25/- Free NEFT Transactions. Free RTGS collection. RTGS payment @ Rs.100/- per transaction. Inter-city Account to accounts funds transfer between HDFC Bank accounts at a nominal charge of Rs.15/- per transactions. Free Demand Drafts (DD) above Rs.100,000/-. Demand drafts up to Rs.50,000/- at flat cost of Rs.40/-. DDs above Rs.50,000/- & up to Rs.100,000/- at nominal cost of Rs.25/- and can be issued from any HDFC Bank Branch . Free Pay Order (PO) above Rs.100,000/-. Pay Order up to Rs.50,000/- at flat cost of Rs.40/-. POs above Rs.50,000/- & up to Rs.100,000/- at nominal cost of Rs.25/- and can be issued from any HDFC Bank Branch . Free 100 â€Å"At Par† cheque leaves per month Register for InstaAlert service and receive updates on your account as and when the select transaction happens – all this without visiting the branch or ATM! Fees & Charges for Premium C/A Description of Charges Minimum Balance (Average Quarterly Balance) ————————-Rs. 25,000/- Non-Maintenance Charges per quarter—————————–Charge of Rs.900/- per quarter, if AQB is less than Rs.25, 000/- Cheque Book Charges (Issued by Bank) Payable-at-par————————100 cheques leaves Free per month. Charges Rs 2/- per leaf beyond 100 leaves Other Current Account facilities Issue of Duplicate / Adhoc Statement Branch: Rs 100/- per statement * Phone Banking: Rs 50/- per statement (Non IVR) and Rs 30/- per statement (IVR) Net Banking: Rs 30/- per statement ATM & Mobile Banking: Rs 50/- per statement. Mode of calculation of minimum average quarterly balance Average of daily closing balances of each day spread over a period of three months. Remittance facility through own Bank Demand Drafts (DD) payable HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from any branch) / Duplicate DD DD Amount Up to Rs. 50,000 charges Rs. 40/- per DD, Above Rs. 50,000 and up to Rs. 100,000- Rs. 25/-, Above Rs. 100,000- Free Pay Orders (PO) -on HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from Any Branch) / Duplicate PO PO amount Up to Rs. 50,000 charges Rs. 40/- per PO, Above Rs. 50,000 and up to Rs. 100,000 – Rs. 25/-, Above Rs. 100,000- Free Issuance of DD/ PO through Phone Banking: All standard charges for DD / PO are applicable as above. Only DD / PO amount up to Rs 500,000/- are accepted at Phone banking. DD/PO-Cancellation/Revalidation———————————Rs.50/- per instrument NEFT/EFT Transactions: Payments————————Free Collections———————-Free RTGS Transactions: Payments———————–Rs. 100/- per transaction Collections———————-Free Local Transactions (At home branch location) Local cheques collections & payments—————————-Free Account to Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank ——-Free Anywhere Transactions (except Dahej) Account to Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank Rs.15/- per transaction Payments & Collections at HDFC Bank Locations Free up to Rs. 25 lacs per month, Charges at Rs.1.50/1000, min Rs. 25 Bulk Transaction Charges: All transactions are subject to a maximum of 100 transactions per month, beyond which charges @ Rs.5/- per transaction would be levied. Includes all Local / Anywhere clearing and transfer transactions. Remittance facility through other Bank: Issue of Demand Drafts (DD) / Duplicate DD (Correspondent tie up) ——-Rs.2.00 per Rs.1000/- Minimum Rs.50/- DD-Cancellation / Revalidation————————————-Rs.50/- per instrument Cheque Collection: Outstation through own bank Rs.2.50 per Rs.1, 000/- for Cheques drawn on HDFC Bank Locations, min Rs. 50 per instrument. Outstation through another bank Correspondent bank locations: Rs.4/- per Rs.1, 000/-, min Rs.50/-For Clean locations (non-correspondent bank locations) & Non-MICR Cheques: Rs.6.5/- per Rs.1, 000/-, min Rs 50 (inclusive of courier charge of Rs 25) Cash Transactions 1. Cash Deposit Cash Deposit-Home Branch Location Free up to Rs.3 lacs per month or 25 transactions which ever is lower, Deposit in excess of Rs.3 lacs or 25 transactions will be charged @ Rs.2/- per Rs.1,000/-, minimum Rs.50/-. (Cash deposit at non-home branches within home branch city subject to limit of Rs. 25,000/- per account per day) Cash Deposit -Non Home location Maximum Rs.25, 000/- per day. Charges @ Rs. 3/1000, min Rs. 50 2. Cash Withdrawal Cash Withdrawal-Home Branch———————————-Free at Home Branch Cash Withdrawal-Non Home Branch-Intercity & Intracity Free cash withdrawals up to Rs.25,000/- per day, beyond which charges @ Rs.2/1000, min Rs. 50/- (Only for incremental amount), Third party cash withdrawal allowed only up to maximum Rs.50,000/- per transaction. With HDFC Bank Flexi Current Account your Cash Deposit and Anywhere Transaction limits are a multiple of the balance you maintain in your Current Account. So, during peak seasons, you get the benefit of higher transaction limits due to the higher average balances maintained in your account. What’s more, during lean seasons, you need not bother about maintaining huge balances to enjoy high transaction limits, which you anyway may not need. Flexi Current Account requires you to maintain a minimum Average Monthly Balance (AMB) of just Rs. 75,000. Features & Benefits Enjoy dynamic free limits on Intercity Payments, Collections & Funds Transfer as well as Cash Deposit at home location branches based on the AMB maintained* For example, you maintain an AMB of Rs.2,00,000/- in a particular month. Your dynamic free transaction limits for that month would be as per the following table: [pic] Transaction—————————————Dynamic Free Limits* Cash Deposit at Home Branch Location Anywhere Payments, Collections & Funds Transfer (except Dahej) Free up to Rs.1, 00, 00,000/- in that particular month Pay your vendors on a real time basis using Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) available across 23,000 Bank Branches*. What’s more, payments and collections through RTGS are completely free! Make and receive remittances to & from your vendors & customers across 20,000 + Bank Branches of more than 50 Banks through Net Banking using National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT), Absolutely Free! Free 40 Demand Drafts & Free 40 Pay Orders issued from any HDFC Bank Branch* Convenience to withdraw and deposit cash at all our branches*. Competitive pricing on Demand Drafts drawn on Correspondent Banking Locations as well as Outstation Cheque Collection at HDFC Bank Locations InstaAlert service – receive updates on your account as and when the select transaction happens – all this without visiting the Branch or ATM! The top position is always the coveted position. With the Apex current account, take your business to a new high. On maintaining an average quarterly balance of Rs. 10 lakhs, this account makes sure you make the most of every business opportunities coming your way. Unlimited, free, anywhere Banking experience at the APEX is reserved for you. Features & Benefits Maximum transactional benefits with faster mobilization of funds Average quarterly balance requirement of Rs. 10, 00,000/- Access to more than 750 branches Huge cost savings in inter-city transactions for payable-at-par cheque issuance, funds transfers, NEFT, RTGS or Demand Draft / Pay Order Faster collection of outstation cheques Free Intercity Cheque Collection & Payments within HDFC Bank Network (excluding Dahej). Free Account to Account funds transfer between HDFC Bank accounts. Free payment and collection through RTGS Free payment and collection using NEFT (through NetBanking) Free Demand Drafts which can be issued from any HDFC Bank branch Free Pay Orders which can be issued from any HDFC Bank branch Convenience to withdraw and deposit cash at all our branches* Free Cash Deposit up to Rs. 100 lacs per month across all home branches (subject to a maximum of 50 transactions per month and a per day limit of Rs.1,00,000/- on cash deposit at a non home branch) Choice of local / Payable at Par Cheques. Free 500 leaves per month Register for InstaAlert service and receive updates on your account as and when the select transaction happens – all this without visiting the branch or ATM! . Fees and Charges for Apex Current Account:[pic] Minimum Balance (Average Quarterly Balance)Rs. 10, 00,000/- per quarter Non-Maintenance Charges per quarter:Charge of Rs.5,000/- per quarter if AQB is less than Rs.10,00,000 but greater than or equal to Rs. 5,00,000/-; Rs.10,000/- per quarter if AQB is less than Rs. 5,00,000/- Cheque Book Charges (Issued By Bank) ——–Payable-at-par 500 cheque leaves free per month. Charges Rs 2/- per leaf beyond 500 leaves Other Current Account Facilities Issue of Duplicate / Adhoc StatementRs. 100 at Branch, Rs. 30 per statement through Net Banking and Phone Banking (IVR), Rs. 50 per statement through Phone Banking (non-IVR), ATM and Mobile Banking Mode of calculation of minimum average quarterly balanceAverage of daily closing balances of each day spread over a period of three months Remittance facility through own Bank Demand Drafts (DD) Payable at HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from Any branch)/ Duplicate DDFree without limit Pay Orders (PO) – on HDFC Bank Location (Issued from Any branch)/ Duplicate PO Free without limit Issuance of DD / PO through Phone Banking————-Free without limit Only DD amount up to Rs. 5, 00,000 for Current Apex Account holders accepted at Phone Banking DD/PO-Cancellation/Revalidation———Rs.50/- per instrument NEFT/EFT Transactions: Payments————-Free Collections————Free RTGS Transactions: Payments————-Free Collections————Free Local Transactions (At home branch location) Local cheques collections & payments——————————Free Account to Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank———-Free Anywhere Transactions (except Dahej) Account-to-Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank—————————Free Clearing Transactions-Collections &Payment at HDFC Bank locations—-Free Bulk Transaction Charges: All transactions are subject to a maximum of 500 transactions per month, beyond which charges @ Rs.5/- per transaction would be levied. Includes all Local / Anywhere clearing and funds transfer transactions. Remittance facility through other Bank Issue of Demand Drafts (DD) / Duplicate DD (Correspondent tie up)———-Free up to Rs 15 Lacs per month, beyond which charges of Rs. 1.50 per 1000, Minimum Rs. 50/- per instrument DD-Cancellation / Revalidation————-Rs.50/- per instrument Cheque Collection Outstation Cheque collection on HDFC Bank Locations—————-Free Outstation Cheque Collection on non-branch locationsCorrespondent bank locations: Rs.3/- per Rs.1, 000/-, min Rs. 50/-. For Clean locations (non-correspondent bank locations) & non-MICR cheques: Rs 4.5/- per Rs 1000/-, min of Rs 50 per transaction (includes courier charges) Cash Transactions 1. Cash Deposit Cash Deposit-Home Branch CityFree up to Rs. 100 Lakh per month or 50 Transactions whichever is lower. Deposit in excess of Rs. 100 Lakh per month or 50 transactions will be charged @ Rs.1/- per Rs. 1000/-, minimum Rs.50/-. (Cash deposit at non- home branches within home branch city subject to limit of Rs.1,00,000/- per account per day) Cash Deposit – Non Home Branch City Charges @ Rs 3 per Rs 1000/-, minimum of Rs 50 per transaction. (Maximum deposit allowed up to Rs 1, 00,000/- per day) 2. Cash Withdrawal Cash Withdrawal-Home Branch———–Free. Cash Withdrawal-Non Home Branch-Intercity & IntracityFree cash withdrawals up to Rs.2,00,000/- per day, beyond which charges @ Rs. 2/- per Rs.1000/-, min Presenting maximum benefits and minimum hassles for you with Max Current Account! With a Rs. 5 lakhs average quarterly balance requirement, we present to you a world of privileges that helps your business expand and grow. Features like maximum free transaction limits including other beneficial features on this current account truly enhances your business potential to the Maximum. Features & Benefits Maximum transactional benefits with faster mobilization of funds Average quarterly balance requirement of Rs. 5, 00,000/- Access to more than 750 branches Huge cost savings in inter-city transactions for payable-at-par cheque issuance, funds transfers, NEFT, RTGS or Demand Draft / Pay Order Faster collection of outstation cheques: Free Account to Account funds transfer between HDFC Bank accounts Free payment and collection through RTGS Free payment and collection using NEFT (through Net Banking) Free Demand Drafts which can be issued from any HDFC Bank branch Free Pay Orders which can be issued from any HDFC Bank branch Free anywhere collection & payment (clearing) up to Rs. 5 Crore per month within HDFC Bank branch network (except Dahej) Convenience to withdraw and deposit cash at all our branches* Free cash deposit up to Rs. 50 Lakh per month across all home branches (subject to a maximum of 50 transactions per month and a per day limit of Rs.1, 00,000/- on cash deposit at a non home branch) Choice of local / Payable at Par cheques. 500 leaves free per month Register for InstaAlert service and receive updates on your account as and when the select transaction happens – all this without visiting the branch or ATM! Fees and Charges for Max Current Account †¢ [pic]Description of Charges Minimum Balance (Average Quarterly Balance) ——–Rs. 5, 00,000/- per quarter †¢ Non-Maintenance Charges per quarter Charge of Rs.3,000/- per quarter if AQB is less than Rs.5,00,000 but greater than or equal to Rs. 2,50,000/-; Rs.8,000/- per quarter if AQB is less than Rs. 2,50,000/- Cheque Book Charges (Issued by Bank) 500 cheques leave Free per month. Charges Rs. 2/- per leaf beyond 500 leaves †¢ Other Current Account facilities Issue of Duplicate / Adhoc Statement Rs. 100 at Branch, Rs. 30 per statement through Net Banking & Phone Banking (IVR), Rs. 50 per statement through Phone Banking (non-IVR), ATM & Mobile Banking Mode of Calculation of Minimum Average Quarterly Balance Average of daily closing balances of each day spread over a period of 3 months. Remittance facility through own Bank: Demand Drafts (DD) Payable at HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from Any branch)/ Duplicate DD Free without limit Pay Orders (PO) – on HDFC Bank Locations (Issued from Any branch)/ Duplicate PO Free without limit Issuance of DD / PO through Phone Banking Free without limit Only DD amount up to Rs. 5, 00,000 for Current Max Accountholders accepted at Phone Banking. DD/PO-Cancellation/Revalidation———— Rs.50/- per instrument NEFT/EFT Transactions: Payments——————————-Free Collections——————————Free RTGS Transactions: Payments——————————–Free Collections——————————-Free Local Transactions (At home branch location) Local cheques collections & payments——————————————Free Account to Account Fund Transfer within HDFC Bank———————–Free Anywhere Transactions (except Dahej) Account to Account Funds Transfer within HDFC Bank————————–Free Payments & Collections at HDFC Bank Locations (except Dahej) Free up to Rs. 500 Lakh per month, beyond which charges @ Rs. 0.50/1000, min Rs.25/-. †¢ Bulk Transaction Charges All transactions are subject to a maximum of 300 transactions per month, beyond which charges @ Rs.5/- per transaction would be levied. Includes all Local / Anywhere clearing and funds transfer transactions. †¢ Remittance facility through other Bank Issue of Demand Drafts (DD) / Duplicate DD (Correspondent tie up) Rs. 1.50 per 1000, Minimum Rs. 50/- per instrument DD-Cancellation / Revalidation—————————–Rs.50/- per instrument †¢ Cheque Collection Outstation through own bank——————————–Free †¢ Outstation through another bank Correspondent bank locations: Rs.3/- per Rs.1, 000/-, min Rs. 50/-. For Clean locations (non-correspondent bank locations) & Non-MICR Cheques: Rs. 4.5 per Rs.1, 000/-, min Rs. 50/- (inclusive of courier charge) Cash Transactions 1. Cash Deposit Cash Deposit-Home Branch City Free up to Rs. 50 Lakh per month or 50 Transactions whichever is lower. Deposit in excess of Rs. 50 Lakh per month or 50 transactions will be charged @ Rs.1/- per Rs. 1000/-, minimum Rs.50/-. (Cash deposit at non- home branches within home branch location subject to limit of Rs.1, 00,000/- per account per day) Cash Deposit – Non Home City Maximum Rs.1, 00,000/- per day. Charges @ Rs.3/- per Rs.1,000/-, minimum Rs. 50/- 2. Cash Withdrawal Cash Withdrawal-Home Branch———————–Free at Home Branch Cash Withdrawal-Non Home Branch-Intracity & Intracity Free cash withdrawals up to Rs. 1,00,00/- per day, beyond which charges @ Rs. 2/- per Rs.1000/-, min Rs.50/- (Only for incremental amount), Third party cash withdrawal allowed only up to maximum Rs.50,000/- per transaction. 2.8 MARKET PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION: Company Profile:HDFC Bank Limited Ticker:500180 Exchanges:OTH BOM 2008 Sales:124,140,000,000 Major Industry:Financial Sub Industry:Commercial Banks Country:INDIA Employees:37836 3.1 STUDENT’S WORK PROFILE (ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES): I have completed my summer taining in HDFC Bank Limited as a SALES EXECUTIVE. During this training I played some roles and responsibilities are as: ROLE- I have worked as a sales Executive in sales department in HDFC Bank Ltd. My role was to buildup better relationship with Customers. HDFC Bank expects its employees to take up the work of opening current account in their respective locations. My main role was to contact customers and make deal for opening current account, in meeting with customers I represent a demo to customer for current account, are as: RESPONSIBILITIES- †¢ To generate leads for the Bank. †¢ To buildup better relationship with customers. †¢ To increase the sales of the Bank. †¢ To provide awareness about the current account. †¢ To achieve company’s target. 3.2 DESCRIPTION OF LIVE EXPERIENCE: Working with HDFC Bank It was a nice experience. When I entered into the bank, I was very nerves. However after entering I knew the real mean of working with the big organization. We need to follow the rules and regulations of the company. Coming at the exact time in the bank is very important. These things are very important which we need to learn : †¢ How should behave in the organization? †¢ How behave and coordinate with the customer? †¢ How we need to talk to our Boss, our superior and colleges? Working with the HDFC I increased my communication skills. Also I knew the Importance of the coordination among all the employees. All the employees are working as a team. When I was new, the entire employees helped me to learn the work culture HDFC Bank. In this company my work is to buildup the relationship with customers and to provide leads to the company for opening current account and making relationship with the bank. In present time the customers are not very well aware about the HDFC’s products. 3.3 STUDENT CONTRIBUTION TO ORGANIZATION: In this Company I am working as a Sales Executive. In this Organization my role is to buildup better relationship with Customers, and I promote the current account. My contribution towards this organization like: †¢ I provide leads everyday for opening current account. †¢ I make good relationship between Bank and customers. †¢ I provide awareness about the current account through some demos and calling. †¢ I help in making some useful marketing strategies. 1. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT : A questionnaire was prepared with the relevant questions consisting mainly of closed end questions especially dichotomous type which offered the respondents between only two alternatives either (Yes/No). The respondents were personally met and the collection of information was properly administered to avoid non-respondent error. The primary data is collected by cold calling from respected place of branch. The data is collected by using a questionnaire, which is given as an Appendix at the end of this report. 2. SOURCE OF DATA : The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Most of the findings are based on the data collection through interaction with customers. A structured disguised questionnaire is prepared together the information. Close as well as open-ended questions are asked. Some multiple-choice questions are also included. 3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: Main Methodology -: Collection of Primary data (Consumer and Market Research) through Personal Questionnaires & Collection of Secondary Data (Study of various Current Account) through Computer Data, Web sites, Books and Magazines. FIELDWORK: The respondents are personally interviewed, for about 3 to 5 minutes on an average to collect the data. The format prepared beforehand was strictly adhered to. Though it was sufficient in itself and could be matched to prospective respondents, personal interviews are conducted to be able to make first hand observation that would reveal some useful information about the subject of study. RESEARCH ANALYSIS: After the collection of data I have categorize the data into – †¢ Primary Data †¢ Secondary Data As we know the data collected in primary mode is more reliable in the comparison of secondary data. So we depend more on the primary data. SOURCES OF PRIMARY DATA: †¢ Survey †¢ Personal SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA: †¢ Through internet †¢ Branch manager approvals †¢ Personal vehicle dealers †¢ Brochure of the bank 4. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: The Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited was introduced in 1994, after the Reserve Bank of India approved private sector banking. Operating in over 300 Indian cities, HDFC Bank has over 700 branches and 1600 ATMs. It offers personal, NRI and wholesale banking services. Net profit for the March 2006-2007 reached Rs. 1,141.5 crore. In early 2007, HDFC officially entered the microfinance market and opened branches that provide funding to self-help microfinance group. After finding primary and secondary data I find: 1. Customers don’t know about the advantage of our current account. 2. Customers are less aware about the benefits Providing Company. 3. Customers have no more knowledge about the HDFC Bank limited. 4. HDFC reduces the complexity of current account. 5. HDFC provides best way to earn more profit. 6. HDFC is beneficial for making profit and various types of works. 7. The procedure of HDFC is very easy. [pic] 1. SUMMARY OF LEARNING EXPERENCE: HDFC Ltd has the objective to enhance residential housing stock and promote home ownership. Their offerings range from hassle-free home loans and deposit products, to property related services and a training facility. They also offer specialized financial services to the customer base through partnerships with some of the best financial institutions worldwide. HDFC Bank began operations in 1995 with a simple mission: to be a â€Å"World-class Indian Bank†. We realized that only a single-minded focus on product quality and service excellence would help us get there. Today, we are proud to say that we are well on our way towards that goal. It is extremely gratifying that our efforts towards providing customer convenience have been appreciated both nationally and internationally. So that I learn many important things from HDFC and market are as: 1. I have gained live experience of marketing. 2. I find all types of help from my training in charge. 3. I have gained knowledge in the field of HDFC. 4. I find there are many customers are not aware about the HDFC. 5. I find there are lots of opportunities in the Banking Sector. 2. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Conclusion HDFC Ltd has the objective to enhance residential housing stock and promote home ownership. Their offerings range from hassle-free home loans and deposit products, to property related services and a training facility. They also offer specialized financial services to the customer base through partnerships with some of the best financial institutions worldwide. HDFC Bank began operations in 1995 with a simple mission: to be a â€Å"World-class Indian Bank†. We realized that only a single-minded focus on product quality and service excellence would help us get there. Today, we are proud to say that we are well on our way towards that goal. It is extremely gratifying that our efforts towards providing customer convenience have been appreciated both nationally and internationally. . Besides we also have a dedicated technical team as well as customer care services and its procedure is also very simple. Recommendations 1. To provides awareness about Current Account and its uses to customers. 2. To open maximum and Big accounts for getting more profit. 3. To target not only metro cities, target all big and small city or village. 4. To build the customer relationship 5. To improve its marketing strategies 6. To improve its selling process [pic] COPY OF QUESTIONNAIRE: 1. Are you aware about Current Account? a. Yes b. No 2. Are you aware about current account providing HDFC Bank? a. Yes b. No 3. Are you aware about HDFC Bank Limited? a. Yes b. No 4. Are you aware about the procedure of Current Account? a. Yes b. No 5. Is HDFC reduces the complexity of Current Account procedure? a. Yes b. No 6. Is HDFC provides you cheap and best way to earn money and to make you a independent owner? a. Yes b. No 7. Are you aware about the profit volume ratio doing business with HDFC? a. Yes b. No 8. Are you interested to open current account in HDFC Bank ? a. Yes b. No BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. www.hdfcbankltd.com 2. www.hdfc.in 3. www.google.com 4. Business Today 5. India Today [pic] ———————– Sales Executive Team Leader Sales Manager Area Sales Manager Area Sales Head Regional Sales Manager Zonal Sales Manager National Sales Manager

Based on a long common law history and once an important measure in sales contracts, s.13 Sale of Goods Act 1979 has now become unnecessary and irrelevant.’

Introduction Section 13 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 was previously considered an important measure in sales contracts. It now appears irrelevant and unnecessary and therefore in need of abandonment.This essay will discuss why s.13 is no longer relevant by analysing its flaws and demonstrating how the requirement that ‘goods must match their description’ can be enforced elsewhere. Overview of Section 13 Sale of Goods Act 1979 Section 13 of the Sale of Goods Act (SGA) 1979 states that where there is a contract for the sale of goods by description, there exists an implied term that the goods will correspond with that description. This section only applies to goods that are sold by their description only. If the buyer has the chance to see the goods before making their purchase, then this section cannot be relied upon. An example of this can be seen in the case of Harlingdon & Leinster v Christopher Hull Fine Art [1991] 1 QB 564 where goods were described as a Gabrielle Munter painting in an auction catalogue. Both the buyers and sellers were London art dealers, yet the sellers were not experts in German paintings whilst the buyers were. The buyers also sent there experts to inspect the painting before agreeing to purchase the painting for ?6000. The buyers sought to rely on s.13 when it was found that the painting was a fake, but it was held that the sale was not by description because an expert had been s ent to inspect the painting. This indicates that even if goods are originally being sold by description, once a buyer has had the opportunity to inspect the goods they can no longer seek protection under s.13. Rejection of Goods not Matching Exact Description In Arcos v Ranaason [1933] AC 470 it was demonstrated that the duty of the seller is extremely strict (Atiya et al; 2010: 154). Here, a buyer was entitled to reject goods that were described as being 1/2 an inch thick on the basis that some of them were slightly less than this. Even though the quality of the goods was not affected, it was said that the goods were not as described and could therefore be rejected. This is likely to cause many problems as the purchaser in the Arcos case had simply changed his mind about purchasing the goods and then sought to rely on s.13 to reject them even though the description did not prevent him from using the goods for their intended purpose. As s.13 is narrowly interpreted, it is capable of being used in circumstances that would seem inappropriate. In Re Moore & Landauer [1921] 2 KB 519 it was held that the purchaser was entitled to reject goods that were described as being packed in cases of 30 when they were packed in cases of 24. This was des pite the fact that the overall number of goods was correct. Arguably, s.13 is interpreted very strictly and a slight deviation from the description of the goods will be enough for a purchaser to reject them. Narrow Interpretation of Section 13 As pointed out by the Department of Business Innovation and Skills; â€Å"Description takes on a very narrow meaning, referring only to the commercial characteristics of the goods† (BIS, 2010: 24). Statements that have been made about the goods, or aspects of the specification of the goods are not covered by s.13, illustrating it’s restrictiveness (Ashington Piggeries Ltd. v Christopher Hill Ltd. [1971] 1 All ER 847). This section also appears to conflict with the European Union Directive 99/44/EC which provides that the â€Å"description† of goods will also include the â€Å"description given by the seller†. The Directive thus appears to encompass a wider range of characteristics, thereby providing extra protection to the sale of goods. Sections 3, 8, 11C and 11I of the Supply of Goods and Services Act (SGSA) 1982 and s.9 of the Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act (SG(IT)A) 1973 also have identical provisions to s.13. Because of this, it is questionable w hy s.13 is needed given that its application is extremely rigid. The requirement that goods must match their description can be found in other pieces of legislation, thus demonstrating that s.13 is no longer necessary or relevant. Section 13 Unnecessary and Irrelevant Section 13 was originally only supposed to apply to commercial sales of unascertained or future goods (Brown, 1990: 561). In such instances, a description of the goods would have been a necessary requisite which sellers would have provided to purchasers before a sales contract was entered into (Sealey and Hooley, 2008: 401). Since the Harlingdon & Leinster case, however, it seems as though s.13 is now being applied to sales of specific goods. Reliance upon description is not an essential ingredient, which is unjustifiable in that contracts can be rescinded in circumstances which they would not otherwise have been. The parties will also be required to demonstrate that they intended for the description to be a term of the contract if they want to find a breach of contract; Drake v Thos Agnew & Sons Ltd [2002] EWHC 294 (QB). Consequently, s.13 is no longer relevant in the 21st century as protection can be sought against wrongly described goods through other provisions. Conclusion Overall, it seems as though s.13 is in fact irrelevant and unnecessary in the 21st Century. Whilst it was previously thought to be an important component is contract sales, it is no longer required as a result of superseding legislation and because of its narrow interpretation by the courts. It could be argued that s.13 therefore needs abandoning as it seems to prevent purchasers from rescinding a contract if they had a chance to inspect goods even if they were later found to be fraudulent. This is largely unfair as a fraudulent painting may not be easily identifiable at first and may require a more thorough inspection which could not be achieved without first making a purchase. Whilst goods must always match their description, goods which fail to do so will be protected through other legislative provisions. As such, s. 13 is no longer needed and does not seem as relevant as it once was. References Atiya, P. S. Adams, J. and Macqueen, L H. (2010) Atiya’s Sale of Goods, Pearson Education, 12th Edition. Brown, I. (1990) ‘Forgery, Fine Art and the Sale of Goods’ Law Quarterly Review, 561-564. Department for Business Innovation & Skills. (2010) ‘Consolidation and Simplification of UK Consumer Law’ BIS, accessed 08 December 2014. Sealey, L. S. and Hooley, R. J. A. (2008) Commercial Law: Text, Cases and Ma terials, OUP Oxford, 4th Edition. Case Law Arcos v Ranaason [1933] AC 470 Ashington Piggeries Ltd. v Christopher Hill Ltd. [1971] 1 All ER 847 Drake v Thos Agnew & Sons Ltd [2002] EWHC 294 (QB) Harlingdon & Leinster v Christopher Hull Fine Art [1991] 1 QB 564 Re Moore & Landauer [1921] 2 KB 519.

Companie´s Negligence Regarding Technology Breeches

Companies Negligence Advanced technology has infringed on the consumers’ privacy because of companies’ negligence. Why are companies breaking silence on being hacked (Perlroth, 2013)? And if there is advanced technology to protect consumers, why are companies not implementing it? There should be more regulations to increase consumers’ protection. Companies’ negligence should not be excused because there is advanced technology that can protect their client’s information; their negligence allowed convenient access to hackers, so they should be punished. The Fortune 500 Companies are being hacked, and hackers have stolen consumers’ information but most companies do not notify the public because they are interested in protecting their image rather than their customers’ information. If the government gets involved and tries to regulate the information exchange safety and enforce the informing the public about the hackers malware, consumers can save their information sooner by immediate actions, they can reconcile their accounts and make the proper defense to protect their bank accounts. For example, the government can enforce the companies to work with high tech firms like Irvine tech firm Cylance Inc. that is focused on creating an artificial intelligence system that can predict and block hackers’ future threats (Dave, 2013). So companies must work with high tech firms to keep customers’ information safe. The issue is that there is a continuous negligence on the part of